Background
There is an increasing number of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhages (ICH) among young patients. This group of patients has not been studied well in Vietnam.
Aims
This study aims to determine the mortality rate of young ICH patients and some factors predicting mortality after 90th day at Bachmai Stroke Center.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study recruiting ICH patients under 45 years old hospitalized at the Stroke Center of Bach Mai Hospital from November 2020 to May 2022. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to find out mortality predictors.
Results
There were 212 patients recruited (male: 69.8%, mean age 36). At admission, median GCS score was 14 (8-15), median NIHSS score was 8 (5-17), and average hematoma volume was 31.8 ± 46.2mL. Intraventricular hemorrhage accounted for 23.5% and brainstem bleeding accounted for 4.9%. 61 (28.8%) patients died within 90 days from the onset.
Multivariate regression analysis revealed that lower admission GCS score (OR=1.61 for 1 point decrease in GCS score; 95% CI: 1.04 – 2.5; p = 0.034), brainstem bleeding (OR= 7.65; 95% CI: 1.70 - 34.4; p = 0.008) and larger hematoma volume (OR = 1.22 per 10mL increase in volume; 95% CI: 1.03 - 1.43; p = 0.019) are independent mortality predictors at 90th day.
Conclusion
In this study, the 90th-day mortality rate among young ICH patients is 28.8%. Lower GCS score at admission, brainstem bleeding, and larger hematoma volume are factors predicting 90th-day mortality in young ICH patients.